Current News

Current News:
Royal Wedding:
first name terms "Megan and Harry"

example of hegemonic power - ruled over by royal family  

EXAM QUESTIONS

1) IN WHAT WAYS CAN (MEDIA PRODUCT) INCORPORATE VIEWPOINTS AND IDEOLOGIES?

2) EXPLORE HOW AUDIENCES CAN RESPOND TO AND INTERPRET THE IDEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES OF (MEDIA PRODUCT) 

The POINT you are making which links to the question asked.

The MEDIA LANG that supports your point.

The ARGUMENT or deeper ANALYSIS of this point.

(A THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE which is used to confirm your point of view)

WHO WHAT WHERE WHY WHEN HOW:

• Story quite vague 'suspected' confirms nothing. Probably published hors after event, news still coming in
• Big words in title 'Baby.....attack' emotive and explicit
• serious stance of police man, unable to see face creates story, anchors audience to understand the seriousness of story 
• simple image not of arrested suspect or babies but of police man symbolising crime 
• mention of ethnicity of parents, right wing news paper reading between the lines could suggest the cons of immigration     

• the large images taking up majority of page illustrate the story to the audience 
• amateur detective work, guessing of the attack by hammer as police were seen 'putting hammer in bag' 
• Huge lexis title almost shouting out the news. Explicit wording 'Hammer attack' 
• Images of loving father and mother contrasts with contents of article, audience could read in and judge the mans mental health
• layout is image based rather than text based suggesting target audience are working class and need story illustrated (assumption) 
• includes lots of quotes, emphasis on 'screaming' being in bold and separate 
• page 2 or 3 in paper

Both news papers master heads start with the phrase 'Man held..' as that is the current situation and sets the reader up to discover why he is being detained.

Binary opposition; hammer vs toddler, image of loving parents vs distressed baby, clear babies face vs blurred out baby face

Media language (tool kit)
Barthesian codes (semiotic analysis)
Structural approches (Levi-Strauss)
Genre conventions 

Intertexualitty 
Anchorage 

• The Times mentions mans ethnicity whereas the Daily Mirror doesn't, The times being right wing  
• Both manipulate/anchor the audience in the way it is formatted to suggest guilt of man 

THE TODAY SHOW, Radio 4:

 

-middle class target audience
-international news covered first: Russian involvement in America elections, south Africa farm lands
-the intellectual lexis used assumed audience understood current affairs 
-story given less significance
-story only affects ones family vs world news affecting more people  
    

Hegemony

Hegemony: a 'grade' of consent

Marxist beliefs are based around the idea of the rich dominating the poor

(manipulation through consent)

Patriarchal hegemony= control by men

Social hegemony= manner and rules of society

Sexual hegemony= defining gender/sex 

Theory 8

sexualisation: to make something be it person or object exhibit sexual aspects. To define somebody purely by their perceived physical attractiveness.

objectification: To present somebody as something an animate or unfeeling. To define somebody purely ay their function.  

Analysing bias and the construction of representation in news papers

Analysing bias and the construction of representation in 
The Times and The Daily Mirror:

referential code of a weeping angle gives negative connotations. Black smoke suggests a fire and destruction and could insinuate 9/11. The Master head being a question leaves the reader stunned and unanswered.   

Americans are represented as hooligans and ridiculous. By using the term 'Brexit' they make it relatable to a British audience. By using derogatory photos shows the people as irresponsible and stupid creating a bad impressions of Americans  

This wrap around cover would have been payed for. This image shows power, responsibility and a winner. Trumps raised first could seem negative however in this context it looks strong and almost outreaching to the people.   

Audience Negotiation Reading: happens every time people interact with media, agree/disagree and challenge producers point of view/ agree with parts but not all of it  

Re - 'again' plus presentation = representation when something is written about in news not happening at that immediate moment

every representation we see is constructed, consider who has done it, how and why.....  

• The group place or issue in which the text is focusing eg. Americas (point)
• The technical devices of the media text uses in order to present these groups or issues (evidence) 
• The message about the group or issue being created within the text
• The impact of this message on the target audience (argument)

1. Open your newspaper key terms post in a new tab, and bullet point list as many examples of these from the newspapers as possible (not every key term will crop up!)
2. Broadly what political beliefs do these newspapers have? Use the 'bias list' above to identify how the newspaper presents it's political bias. 
3. What representation of America is constructed in these newspapers? Use explicit examples from the newspapers. 

Research: I, Daniel Blake

'I, Daniel Blake' (Loach, 2016)

-target audience older teenagers and media students

Group 1) production, distribution, marketing plus global perspective, target audience, stars or lack of 

themes: politcal, poverty in Britan 

Political Bias

Political Bias

Bias= being in favour of one point of view over another
(lowkey impossible to not be bias)  

What benefit is there to a newspapers demonstrating particular bias?

• allows newspaper to target certain audience (right/left)
• financial befits if preferred political party were to win

Broadsheet VS Tabloid 

• font size of headlines giving news dramatic presidency
• font/ size of mast head eg. red top 
• use of images taking up whole front compared to small image relating to text
• by using explicit recognisable images of cereal killers people are interested
• quality or serous press eg aimed at high social group vs thrilling layout 
• longer articles with serous head lines compared to alliteration and jokey lines 

Polysemy= two or more possible meanings can be suggested by a media product 

not everything has a single meaning, one of the best ways of applying this is through suggesting two or more meanings through a media product. In creating a newspaper, producers typically attempt to avoid polysemic readings> this forces the audience in to a particular reading is called anchoring.

Anchoring= the fixing of a particular meaning (often done by through the head line) 

How is the audience pushed into agreeing or disagreeing?

Similarities:
use of bullet points 
large white titles
master head at the top
image of party leader
smaller and more insignificant text 

Differences: 
photo vs cartoony image 
jokey headline vs straight to the point
explicit vote instruction vs more subtlety

Can Representations construct reality? yes! eg. representation of people in the press  like current sexual assault stories 

Agenda= specific target or gaol that needs to be completed 

Bias through selection and omission 

Bias through placement

Bias by headline

Bias by photos, captions and camera angels 

Bias though use of names/titles 

Bias through statistics 

Bias by source control 

bias by word of mouth 

Ideology and Representation- NEWS

Ideology and Representation- NEWS

Ideology referees to a system of beliefs and values, refers to the ways in which those in power use their power to distort meaning. It can be normalise a dominant idea of the ruling class. 

News worthiness = how worthy a story is therefore is it included in the paper or not depending on the ideology of producer  

"if it bleeds it leads" eg murder, crime ect 

Broadsheet- formal, middle class audience 
Tabloid (red top)- gossip or celebrity news 

Local news paper- to a specific area
School newspaper- self explanatory

INTERTEXTUALITY: where a media products makes sense only through its reference to other media products, Barthes also referred to this process as referential codes

• Very dramatic language and over the top, reference to thriller/action genre 
• Reference maybe to the film 'the day after tomorrow' or disaster film suggesting trumps election is a disaster and tragedy 
• Statue of liberty representing freedom but with hands over face shows distress 
• Similar to weeping angles like in Doctor Who, another negative point
• The colours in the background (dark red and black) could represent the apocalypse or end of the world therefore a biblical idea 

Wiki: Left-wing politics and right-wing politics are often presented as opposed, although a particular individual or group may take a left-wing stance on one matter and a right-wing stance on another, and some stances may overlap and be considered either left- or right-wing depending on the ideology.

Left: sharing, social equality, equal rights money everything, distribution of wealth and close gap between rich and poor, eg higher tax

Right: personal responsibility, each for their own, peking order, no national health service and no benefits    

News papers vs Print Media

News papers vs Print Media

Small, several images in association with an article
One central main image maybe of model of celebrity 
May have lots of small text on the front, all black and in a single font 
Will have subtitles and or headings saying whats inside 
All in sections 

1) Title of the newspaper displayed on the front page = Masthead 
2) Used to scan the newspaper when purchasing = Barcode 
3) Brief text under image describing photo or graphic = Caption 
4) A phrase that sums up the main point of an article = Headline 
5) Dominant picture often filling up much of the front cover = Main image 
6) A system organisation within a magazine = Page numbers 
7) People who the news paper aims to sell too = Target audience 
8) Something taken from within an article usually said by the person = Pull Quote  
9) An advertisement that uses only text as oppose to a display ad = Classified ad 
10) An information panel on the front page that tells reader whats inside = Skyline
11) Sometimes papers print several every night = Addition 
12) Block texts that introduces the story = Sand first 
13) The line above the story which gives the authors name and job title = Byline 
14) Also known as copy written material that makes up part of article = Body text 
15) Picture story that can exist on its own = Stand alone 
16) A photograph that runs across middle of two pages = Centre spread    
17) Main story usally a splash = Lead story 
18) The blank space between the margins of facing pages = Gutter
19) The top label for the whole page = Folio 
20)  Everything on page except pictures or text eg lines or graphics = Page furniture 

Theory 1, 4

A powerful  binary opposition is formed through..... the black and white text, array of picture sizes and difference in style eg Rita Ora in provocative and revealing outfit and good lighting compared to the vicar in modest clothing and simple lighting 

the conflict created through this binary opposition positions the audience.....in a conflicted and maybe angry/ interested way eg Title is controversial

The proairetic code formed by the typeface suggests..... an important announcement      

MEDIA INSTITUTIONS

TAP= TEXT, AUDIENCE, PRODUCER
AUDINCE DECODES TEXT
PRODUCER ENCODES TEXT 

  MEDIA INSTITUTIONS

industry is related to a medium eg music industry

institution= the values and ideology of a media production 

the audience differentiate between products, gives the consumer some ideas between 'quality' which may influence a decision 

The website is welcoming, clear and easy to use. The people look friendly, relatable, and diverse.

The girl promotes independence as she has pink hair showing she knows her mind. Her dungarees could be symbolic for her creativeness and express herself.  Clothing is casual (plus one phone) 

Students stands on their own suggesting independence. Also white background puts all emphasis on the student and not the college.   

DECONSTRUCTION

-shells represent friendship and clamness

-red can represent action or passion 

-sunset looking, could suggest lasts all day

-simple and minimalistic, memorable logo 

-shell representing where oil comes from

-sharp lines represent fastness  

-crown symbolises wealth and power

-long hair and curves suggest woman 

-green could insinuate natural, sea life, organic

-white shows purity and cleanliness

-smooth, pretty and attractive

-mermaid is mystical and mystery     

-black and professional looking

-Serif font, attracting middle class
-fancy representation 
-having royal crest, supports royal family
-shows it is old and established  

WHAT IS A NEWS PARER?
print based product that tells public current news 

WHY ARE THERE MANY NEWS PAPERS?
the audience wants something to share or shape their option  

First impressions of This issue of the Daily Mirror:

front is all celebrity gossip suggesting for working class people, language not very formal (informal/colloquial) illustrates this 
the images on the front present people as looking stupid, sexualised and scandalous